Advanced manufacturing is a relatively abstract concept. Below, I will find a related article for you, hoping it will be helpful.
Advanced manufacturing technology and its development trends are generally believed to have three material pillars of human civilization: materials, energy, and information.
These three pillars are inseparable from human manufacturing activities.
Without “manufacturing”, there would be no humanity.
Engels said in Dialectics of Nature, “Erecticism and labor created humanity, and labor began with the manufacture of tools.”.
”It can be vividly said that a person’s journey begins with manufacturing the first stone knife.
The manufacturing industry is the eternal sun and one of the pillars of modern civilization.
It is the mainstay of industry, providing means of production, means of living, technological means, national defense equipment, and the basis for their progress. It is one of the driving forces of modernization.
The manufacturing industry is by no means a “sunset industry”, but there is indeed “sunset technology” in manufacturing technology. These technologies are incompatible with the trend of informatization and high-tech development, lack market competitiveness, and may even harm the ecological environment.
The “advanced manufacturing technology” corresponding to the “sunset technology” in manufacturing technology is a new type of technology formed by the integration of “manufacturing technology”, “information technology”, “management science” and other related science and technology. It can be said that it is a carrier of high-tech, and no industrialized country pays high attention to it.
It has the following eight development trends and characteristics: 1. “Number” is the core of development. “Number” refers to the digitization of the manufacturing field.
It includes design centered digital manufacturing, control centered digital manufacturing, and management centered digital manufacturing.
For digital manufacturing equipment, its control parameters are all digital signals; For digital manufacturing enterprises, various information (such as graphics, data, knowledge, skills, etc.) is transmitted in digital form through the network within the enterprise. With the support of various digital technologies, the enterprise analyzes, plans, and recombines product information, process information, and resource information to achieve simulation of product design and function, simulation of processing and production organization processes, or completion of prototype manufacturing, Thus achieving rapid restructuring of the production process and rapid response to the market.
For the global manufacturing industry, in the digital manufacturing environment, users release information through the network, and various enterprises use e-commerce through the network to achieve complementary advantages, form dynamic alliances, and quickly collaborate to design and manufacture corresponding products.
2. “Precision” is the key to development. “Precision” refers to machining accuracy and its development.
At the beginning of the 20th century, the error of ultra precision machining was 10 micrometers, 0.01 micrometers in the 1970s and 1980s, and now it is only 0.001 micrometers, or 1 nanometer.
From the Gulf War, the Kosovo War, to the Afghanistan War, and the Iraq War, the hit rate of weapons is getting higher and higher, and the essence is that weapons are becoming more “sophisticated”. It can be said that the key is to fight “precision” warfare.
In modern ultra precision machinery, high precision is required, such as the instrument bearings of artificial satellites, whose roundness, cylindricity, surface roughness, etc. all reach the nanometer level; The genetic manipulation machine has a movement distance of nanometers and a movement accuracy of 0.1 nanometers; Fine processing and nano processing technology can meet the requirements of up to 0.1 nanometers, with the help of scanning tunneling microscopy and atomic force microscopy.
As for the manufacturing of microelectronic chips, there are the so-called “three super”: ① ultra clean, with dust particles in the processing workshop having a diameter of less than 1 micrometer and a particle count of less than 0.1 per cubic foot; ② Ultra pure, harmful impurities in chip materials, with a content of less than one billionth; ③ Ultra precision, with machining accuracy reaching the nanometer level.
Obviously, without advanced manufacturing technology, there would be no advanced electronic technology equipment; Of course, without advanced electronic and information technology, there would be no advanced manufacturing equipment.
Advanced manufacturing technology and advanced information technology are mutually penetrating, supportive, and closely integrated.
3. “Extreme” is the focus of development. “Extreme” refers to the manufacturing technology for producing special products that must meet the requirements of “extreme”.
For example, products that can work under conditions such as high temperature, high pressure, high humidity, strong impact, strong magnetic field, and strong corrosion, or have characteristics such as high hardness and elasticity, or products with extremely large, extremely small, extremely thick, extremely thin, and strange shapes, are all special products.
Microelectromechanical systems are one of them.
This is a cutting-edge technology highly concerned by industrialized countries, also known as microsystem micro manufacturing.
Microelectromechanical systems have a wide range of applications.
In the field of information, it is used for molecular memory, atomic memory, and chip processing equipment; In the field of life, it is used for cloning technology, gene manipulation systems, protein tracking systems, small physiological organ processing technology, and molecular component assembly technology; In military weapons, it is used for precision guidance technology, precision strike technology, micro inertial platforms, and micro optical equipment; In the aerospace field, used for micro aircraft, micro satellites, and “nano” satellites (up to 0.1 kg); In the field of micro robots, it is used for various medical surgeries, pipeline operations, eavesdropping, and intelligence collection; In addition, it is also used for micro testing instruments, micro sensors, micro microscopes, micro thermometers, micro instruments, and so on.
Microelectromechanical systems can perform special actions and achieve special functions, and even communicate between the micro and macro worlds, making their profound significance difficult to estimate.
4. “Self” is the condition for development. “Self” is automation.
It is a technology or means of reducing, strengthening, extending, and replacing human labor related activities.
Automation is always achieved with relevant machinery or tools.
It can be said that machinery is the carrier of all technologies and also the carrier of automation technology.
The first industrial revolution, using mechanization as a form of automation to reduce, extend, or replace human physical labor, and the second industrial revolution, electrification, further promoted the development of automation.
According to statistics, from 1870 to 1980, the efficiency of the processing process increased by 20 times, indicating effective liberation of physical labor. However, management efficiency only increased by 1.8 to 2.2 times, and design efficiency only increased by 1.2 times, indicating that mental labor has not been effectively liberated.
Informatization, computerization, and networking can not only greatly liberate people’s bodies, but also effectively improve their mental labor level.
The connotation and level of automation today are far beyond what they used to be, with great development in control theory, control technology, control systems, control components, and so on.
Automation has become a prerequisite for the development of advanced manufacturing technology.
5. “Set” is the method of development. “Set” is integration.
At present, “collection” mainly refers to the integration of modern technology.
Mechatronics integration is a typical example, which is the foundation of high-tech equipment.
② Integration of processing technology.
Special processing technology and its equipment are typical, such as laser processing, high-energy beam processing, electrical processing, and so on.
③ Enterprise integration, which refers to the integration of management, includes the integration of production information, functions, and processes, as well as the integration within and outside the enterprise.
In the long run, there is also something worth noting, which is the “micro manufacturing biological method” or so-called “biological manufacturing” formed by the combination of biotechnology and manufacturing technology.
It is based on the fact that organisms grow from within to form “devices”, rather than being made from external effects to add or subtract materials like in general manufacturing techniques.
This is a brand new and vibrant field, and its impact is difficult to estimate.
6. “The Internet” is the path of development. “The Internet” is networked.
The networking of manufacturing technology is the necessary path for the development of advanced manufacturing technology.
In market competition, the manufacturing industry faces various pressures, such as continuously increasing procurement costs, accelerating product updates, constantly changing market demands, and the increasing impact of globalization.
To avoid this series of problems, enterprises must implement some profound transformation in their production organization, abandon the traditional “small yet comprehensive” and “large yet comprehensive” “sunset technology”, and focus their efforts on their most competitive core business.
The development of science and technology, especially computer technology and network technology, has made the need for such transformation possible.
The networking of manufacturing technology will lead to a new manufacturing model, which is a virtual manufacturing organization. This is a dynamic “virtual enterprise” or dynamic “enterprise alliance” formed by multiple geographically distributed, equally independent enterprises based on negotiation and negotiation.
At this point, each enterprise is committed to its core business, achieving complementary advantages and optimizing dynamic combination and sharing of resources.
7. “Intelligence” is the prospect of development. “Intelligence” is intelligence.
The intelligence of manufacturing technology is the prospect of its development.
In the past 20 years, manufacturing systems have been transitioning from energy driven to information driven. This requires manufacturing systems not only to have flexibility, but also to exhibit some kind of intelligence in order to cope with the processing of a large amount of complex information, rapidly changing market demands, and fiercely competitive complex environments. Therefore, intelligent manufacturing is increasingly valued.
Compared with traditional manufacturing, intelligent manufacturing systems have the following characteristics: ① human-machine integration; ② Strong self-discipline ability; ③ Self organization and super flexibility; ④ Learning ability and self maintenance ability; ⑤ In the future, possess higher levels of humanoid thinking abilities.
It can be said that intelligent manufacturing, as a model, is an advanced manufacturing system that integrates automation, integration, and intelligence, and has continuously developed high-tech content and level. It is also a human-machine integration system composed of intelligent machines and human experts.
Its highlight lies in its highly flexible and integrated approach to manufacturing, utilizing the intelligent activities of human experts simulated by computers to analyze, judge, reason, conceive, and make decisions, replacing or extending part of human mental labor in the manufacturing environment. At the same time, it collects, stores, processes, improves, shares, inherits, and develops the manufacturing intelligence of human experts.
Although the road to intelligent manufacturing is still long, it will undoubtedly become one of the main production modes in the future manufacturing industry, with great potential and broad prospects.
8. “Green” is the inevitable development. “Green” is “green” manufacturing.
Human beings must promote their own development in harmony with nature from all aspects, and manufacturing technology is no exception.
The products in the manufacturing industry must fully consider environmental protection and improvement from conception to design, manufacturing, sales, use and maintenance, to recycling, remanufacturing and other stages.
Not only should we protect and improve the natural environment, but also the social environment, production environment, and the physical and mental health of producers.
In fact, protecting and improving the environment is also protecting and developing productivity.
Under this premise, we will manufacture products that are affordable, high-quality, with short delivery times and good after-sales service.
As a “green” manufacturing, products must strive to adapt to the work and living environment of users, provide people with noble spiritual enjoyment, and reflect a high degree of integration between material civilization and spiritual civilization.
Therefore, when developing and adopting a new technology, it is necessary to establish a scientific outlook on development, so that the manufacturing industry can continuously move towards “green” manufacturing.
The eight aspects mentioned above, namely number, precision, polarity, self, collection, network, intelligence, and green, permeate and depend on each other, promote each other, and form a whole.
At the same time, the eight aspects must be rooted in the foundation of “machinery” and “manufacturing”, that is to say, we must research and develop the theories and mechanisms of “machinery” itself and “manufacturing” itself.
The eight aspects of technology should be studied, developed, and developed based on this theory and mechanism, complementing each other and ultimately serving the development of the manufacturing industry.
It is worth noting that in today’s highly developed and rapidly developing science and technology, “advanced manufacturing technology”, like all advanced technologies, cannot be without “people-oriented”, cannot see “things” but not “people”, cannot see “technology” but not “culture”, and cannot see “spirit”.
Without people, without their spirit, advanced technology loses its soul and even causes harm to the people.
Furthermore, in order to put people first, it is necessary to prioritize education and cultivate manufacturing technology and management talents that are in line with the trend of the times and China’s national conditions through various forms of education.
Technology is the key, talent is the foundation, and education is the foundation.
We must continuously promote the development of advanced manufacturing technology in China from a fundamental, long-term, and comprehensive perspective.
Advanced manufacturing is a relatively abstract concept. Below, I will find a related article for you, hoping it will be helpful.
Advanced manufacturing technology and its development trends are generally believed to have three material pillars of human civilization: materials, energy, and information.
These three pillars are inseparable from human manufacturing activities.
Without “manufacturing”, there would be no humanity.
Engels said in Dialectics of Nature, “Erecticism and labor created humanity, and labor began with the manufacture of tools.”.
”It can be vividly said that a person’s journey begins with manufacturing the first stone knife.
The manufacturing industry is the eternal sun and one of the pillars of modern civilization.
It is the mainstay of industry, providing means of production, means of living, technological means, national defense equipment, and the basis for their progress. It is one of the driving forces of modernization.
The manufacturing industry is by no means a “sunset industry”, but there is indeed “sunset technology” in manufacturing technology. These technologies are incompatible with the trend of informatization and high-tech development, lack market competitiveness, and may even harm the ecological environment.
The “advanced manufacturing technology” corresponding to the “sunset technology” in manufacturing technology is a new type of technology formed by the integration of “manufacturing technology”, “information technology”, “management science” and other related science and technology. It can be said that it is a carrier of high-tech, and no industrialized country pays high attention to it.
It has the following eight development trends and characteristics: 1. “Number” is the core of development. “Number” refers to the digitization of the manufacturing field.
It includes design centered digital manufacturing, control centered digital manufacturing, and management centered digital manufacturing.
For digital manufacturing equipment, its control parameters are all digital signals; For digital manufacturing enterprises, various information (such as graphics, data, knowledge, skills, etc.) is transmitted in digital form through the network within the enterprise. With the support of various digital technologies, the enterprise analyzes, plans, and recombines product information, process information, and resource information to achieve simulation of product design and function, simulation of processing and production organization processes, or completion of prototype manufacturing, Thus achieving rapid restructuring of the production process and rapid response to the market.
For the global manufacturing industry, in the digital manufacturing environment, users release information through the network, and various enterprises use e-commerce through the network to achieve complementary advantages, form dynamic alliances, and quickly collaborate to design and manufacture corresponding products.
2. “Precision” is the key to development. “Precision” refers to machining accuracy and its development.
At the beginning of the 20th century, the error of ultra precision machining was 10 micrometers, 0.01 micrometers in the 1970s and 1980s, and now it is only 0.001 micrometers, or 1 nanometer.
From the Gulf War, the Kosovo War, to the Afghanistan War, and the Iraq War, the hit rate of weapons is getting higher and higher, and the essence is that weapons are becoming more “sophisticated”. It can be said that the key is to fight “precision” warfare.
In modern ultra precision machinery, high precision is required, such as the instrument bearings of artificial satellites, whose roundness, cylindricity, surface roughness, etc. all reach the nanometer level; The genetic manipulation machine has a movement distance of nanometers and a movement accuracy of 0.1 nanometers; Fine processing and nano processing technology can meet the requirements of up to 0.1 nanometers, with the help of scanning tunneling microscopy and atomic force microscopy.
As for the manufacturing of microelectronic chips, there are the so-called “three super”: ① ultra clean, with dust particles in the processing workshop having a diameter of less than 1 micrometer and a particle count of less than 0.1 per cubic foot; ② Ultra pure, harmful impurities in chip materials, with a content of less than one billionth; ③ Ultra precision, with machining accuracy reaching the nanometer level.
Obviously, without advanced manufacturing technology, there would be no advanced electronic technology equipment; Of course, without advanced electronic and information technology, there would be no advanced manufacturing equipment.
Advanced manufacturing technology and advanced information technology are mutually penetrating, supportive, and closely integrated.
3. “Extreme” is the focus of development. “Extreme” refers to the manufacturing technology for producing special products that must meet the requirements of “extreme”.
For example, products that can work under conditions such as high temperature, high pressure, high humidity, strong impact, strong magnetic field, and strong corrosion, or have characteristics such as high hardness and elasticity, or products with extremely large, extremely small, extremely thick, extremely thin, and strange shapes, are all special products.
Microelectromechanical systems are one of them.
This is a cutting-edge technology highly concerned by industrialized countries, also known as microsystem micro manufacturing.
Microelectromechanical systems have a wide range of applications.
In the field of information, it is used for molecular memory, atomic memory, and chip processing equipment; In the field of life, it is used for cloning technology, gene manipulation systems, protein tracking systems, small physiological organ processing technology, and molecular component assembly technology; In military weapons, it is used for precision guidance technology, precision strike technology, micro inertial platforms, and micro optical equipment; In the aerospace field, used for micro aircraft, micro satellites, and “nano” satellites (up to 0.1 kg); In the field of micro robots, it is used for various medical surgeries, pipeline operations, eavesdropping, and intelligence collection; In addition, it is also used for micro testing instruments, micro sensors, micro microscopes, micro thermometers, micro instruments, and so on.
Microelectromechanical systems can perform special actions and achieve special functions, and even communicate between the micro and macro worlds, making their profound significance difficult to estimate.
4. “Self” is the condition for development. “Self” is automation.
It is a technology or means of reducing, strengthening, extending, and replacing human labor related activities.
Automation is always achieved with relevant machinery or tools.
It can be said that machinery is the carrier of all technologies and also the carrier of automation technology.
The first industrial revolution, using mechanization as a form of automation to reduce, extend, or replace human physical labor, and the second industrial revolution, electrification, further promoted the development of automation.
According to statistics, from 1870 to 1980, the efficiency of the processing process increased by 20 times, indicating effective liberation of physical labor. However, management efficiency only increased by 1.8 to 2.2 times, and design efficiency only increased by 1.2 times, indicating that mental labor has not been effectively liberated.
Informatization, computerization, and networking can not only greatly liberate people’s bodies, but also effectively improve their mental labor level.
The connotation and level of automation today are far beyond what they used to be, with great development in control theory, control technology, control systems, control components, and so on.
Automation has become a prerequisite for the development of advanced manufacturing technology.
5. “Set” is the method of development. “Set” is integration.
At present, “collection” mainly refers to the integration of modern technology.
Mechatronics integration is a typical example, which is the foundation of high-tech equipment.
② Integration of processing technology.
Special processing technology and its equipment are typical, such as laser processing, high-energy beam processing, electrical processing, and so on.
③ Enterprise integration, which refers to the integration of management, includes the integration of production information, functions, and processes, as well as the integration within and outside the enterprise.
In the long run, there is also something worth noting, which is the “micro manufacturing biological method” or so-called “biological manufacturing” formed by the combination of biotechnology and manufacturing technology.
It is based on the fact that organisms grow from within to form “devices”, rather than being made from external effects to add or subtract materials like in general manufacturing techniques.
This is a brand new and vibrant field, and its impact is difficult to estimate.
6. “The Internet” is the path of development. “The Internet” is networked.
The networking of manufacturing technology is the necessary path for the development of advanced manufacturing technology.
In market competition, the manufacturing industry faces various pressures, such as continuously increasing procurement costs, accelerating product updates, constantly changing market demands, and the increasing impact of globalization.
To avoid this series of problems, enterprises must implement some profound transformation in their production organization, abandon the traditional “small yet comprehensive” and “large yet comprehensive” “sunset technology”, and focus their efforts on their most competitive core business.
The development of science and technology, especially computer technology and network technology, has made the need for such transformation possible.
The networking of manufacturing technology will lead to a new manufacturing model, which is a virtual manufacturing organization. This is a dynamic “virtual enterprise” or dynamic “enterprise alliance” formed by multiple geographically distributed, equally independent enterprises based on negotiation and negotiation.
At this point, each enterprise is committed to its core business, achieving complementary advantages and optimizing dynamic combination and sharing of resources.
7. “Intelligence” is the prospect of development. “Intelligence” is intelligence.
The intelligence of manufacturing technology is the prospect of its development.
In the past 20 years, manufacturing systems have been transitioning from energy driven to information driven. This requires manufacturing systems not only to have flexibility, but also to exhibit some kind of intelligence in order to cope with the processing of a large amount of complex information, rapidly changing market demands, and fiercely competitive complex environments. Therefore, intelligent manufacturing is increasingly valued.
Compared with traditional manufacturing, intelligent manufacturing systems have the following characteristics: ① human-machine integration; ② Strong self-discipline ability; ③ Self organization and super flexibility; ④ Learning ability and self maintenance ability; ⑤ In the future, possess higher levels of humanoid thinking abilities.
It can be said that intelligent manufacturing, as a model, is an advanced manufacturing system that integrates automation, integration, and intelligence, and has continuously developed high-tech content and level. It is also a human-machine integration system composed of intelligent machines and human experts.
Its highlight lies in its highly flexible and integrated approach to manufacturing, utilizing the intelligent activities of human experts simulated by computers to analyze, judge, reason, conceive, and make decisions, replacing or extending part of human mental labor in the manufacturing environment. At the same time, it collects, stores, processes, improves, shares, inherits, and develops the manufacturing intelligence of human experts.
Although the road to intelligent manufacturing is still long, it will undoubtedly become one of the main production modes in the future manufacturing industry, with great potential and broad prospects.
8. “Green” is the inevitable development. “Green” is “green” manufacturing.
Human beings must promote their own development in harmony with nature from all aspects, and manufacturing technology is no exception.
The products in the manufacturing industry must fully consider environmental protection and improvement from conception to design, manufacturing, sales, use and maintenance, to recycling, remanufacturing and other stages.
Not only should we protect and improve the natural environment, but also the social environment, production environment, and the physical and mental health of producers.
In fact, protecting and improving the environment is also protecting and developing productivity.
Under this premise, we will manufacture products that are affordable, high-quality, with short delivery times and good after-sales service.
As a “green” manufacturing, products must strive to adapt to the work and living environment of users, provide people with noble spiritual enjoyment, and reflect a high degree of integration between material civilization and spiritual civilization.
Therefore, when developing and adopting a new technology, it is necessary to establish a scientific outlook on development, so that the manufacturing industry can continuously move towards “green” manufacturing.
The eight aspects mentioned above, namely number, precision, polarity, self, collection, network, intelligence, and green, permeate and depend on each other, promote each other, and form a whole.
At the same time, the eight aspects must be rooted in the foundation of “machinery” and “manufacturing”, that is to say, we must research and develop the theories and mechanisms of “machinery” itself and “manufacturing” itself.
The eight aspects of technology should be studied, developed, and developed based on this theory and mechanism, complementing each other and ultimately serving the development of the manufacturing industry.
It is worth noting that in today’s highly developed and rapidly developing science and technology, “advanced manufacturing technology”, like all advanced technologies, cannot be without “people-oriented”, cannot see “things” but not “people”, cannot see “technology” but not “culture”, and cannot see “spirit”.
Without people, without their spirit, advanced technology loses its soul and even causes harm to the people.
Furthermore, in order to put people first, it is necessary to prioritize education and cultivate manufacturing technology and management talents that are in line with the trend of the times and China’s national conditions through various forms of education.
Technology is the key, talent is the foundation, and education is the foundation.
We must continuously promote the development of advanced manufacturing technology in China from a fundamental, long-term, and comprehensive perspective.
&Nbsp& Nbsp& Nbsp& Nbsp& Nbsp& Nbsp& Nbsp& Nbsp& Nbsp& Nbsp& Nbsp; Wuxi Duorunde Steel Pipe Co., Ltd& Nbsp; (I’ll answer)& Nbsp; 42CrMo seamless precision pipe, as a high-strength and corrosion-resistant steel pipe material, has been widely used in multiple fields.
The following are the application areas and manufacturing processes of 42CrMo seamless precision pipes:# Automotive manufacturing# Military Industry# Mechanical processing# Electronic devices# Medical devices& Nbsp# Construction machinery# Railway locomotives# Aerospace# Ships& Nbsp# Injection molding machine# Die casting machine# Machine Tool Processing# Diesel engine& Nbsp# Petrochemical# Power Station# Application field of boiler equipment:; 1. Petrochemical industry: 42CrMo seamless precision pipes have excellent corrosion resistance and high strength, and are widely used in pipeline systems, pressure vessels, storage tanks, and other fields in the petrochemical industry.
2. Aerospace: The excellent performance and high reliability of 42CrMo seamless precision pipes have made them widely used in the aerospace field, such as aircraft hydraulic systems, fuel delivery systems, etc.
3. Automobile manufacturing: 42CrMo seamless precision pipes are widely used in the field of automobile manufacturing, such as engine oil systems, cooling systems, brake systems, etc.
4. Medical devices: Due to the high surface smoothness and good corrosion resistance of 42CrMo seamless precision tubes, they are widely used in the field of medical devices, such as infusion tubes, medical catheters, etc.
5. Architecture and decoration: The high strength and aesthetics of 42CrMo seamless precision pipes make them widely used in the field of architecture and decoration, such as staircase handrails, ceiling keels, etc.
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2. Continuous casting: Pour molten steel into the continuous casting machine to solidify and form steel billets.
3. Rolling: After heating the steel billet, it is formed into a steel pipe through multiple passes of rolling.
4. Heat treatment: Heat, insulate, and cool the steel pipe to adjust its mechanical properties and corrosion resistance.
5. Precision finishing: Straightening, trimming, and surface treatment of steel pipes to meet precision and appearance quality requirements.
6. Non destructive testing: Conduct non-destructive testing on steel pipes to ensure that their internal quality meets the requirements.
7. Packaging: Package the steel pipes to prevent surface damage and contamination.
&Nbsp; 42CrMo seamless precision pipes have been widely used in fields such as petrochemicals, aerospace, automotive manufacturing, medical equipment, construction, and decoration.
Its manufacturing process mainly includes smelting, continuous casting, rolling, heat treatment, finishing, non-destructive testing, and packaging.
In order to ensure product quality and reliability, strict control and management are required during the manufacturing process.
Hehe, the revitalization of Northeast China now refers to the development of manufacturing industry. In my understanding, the key to manufacturing industry is some of its pillar industries, such as steel, metallurgy, machinery, electronics, etc. Now, considering environmental issues, energy and resource conservation, and pollution issues, they must also be considered; In addition, information technology such as computers or networks is also necessary. As for nanomaterials, China is still far from industrialization, and now we are using imported equipment in the laboratory. There is no need to consider the relationship with the domestic manufacturing industry for the time being Of course, this is a trend in the future. If the domestic automotive industry can develop, the domestic manufacturing industry can also be relatively strong
